of MAT for ankle PTOA.Aims A high-salt diet can aggravate oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis via the brain and renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats. (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) plays a role in regulating RAS and oxidative stress locally. However, whether central PRR regulates salt-induced renal injury in CKD remains undefined. Here, we hypothesized that the reduction of central PRR expression could ameliorate central lesions and thereby ameliorate renal injury in high-salt-load CKD rats. Results We investigated RAS, sympathetic nerve activity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue injury in subfornical organs and kidneys in high-salt-load 5/6 nephrectomy CKD rats after the silencing of central PRR expression by intracerebroventricular lentivirus-RNAi. We found that the sympathetic nerve activity was reduced, and the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were decreased in both brain and kidney. Renal injury and fibrosis were ameliorated. To explore the mechanism by which central inhibition of PRR expression ameliorates kidney damage, we blocked central MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways as well as angiotensin converting enzyme 1-angiotensin II-angiotensin type 1 receptors (ACE1-Ang II-AT1R) axis. Salt-induced overexpression of renal RAS, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in CKD rats were prevented by central blockade of the pathways. Innovation This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying salt-induced kidney damage. Targeting central PRR or PRR-mediated signaling pathway may be a novel strategy for the treatment of CKD. Conclusions These results suggested that the silencing of central PRR expression ameliorates salt-induced renal injury in CKD through Ang II-dependent and -independent pathways.Drawing from a sociocultural life course perspective, this study examines the linkages between two age-related family transitions young adult children leaving home and parental retirement. A sample of 580 ethnically diverse parents aged 50+ with at least one adult child aged 19-35 living in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, was used in this study based on four cultural groups British-, Chinese-, Persian/Iranian-, or South Asian-Canadian. Separate survival analyses are used to predict the timing of, and associations between children’s leaving home and parents’ retirement. Later timing of adult children’s leaving home is associated with delays in retirement of parents and is influenced by a number of predictors. Main and interaction effects were supported for ethnicity, where belonging to the Persian/Iranian ethnic group (compared to British) delays home leaving, and belonging to Persian/Iranian and South Asian ethnic groups (compared to British) delays retirement timing.

Epilepsy is more common in autistic children compared to children without autism, but we do not have good estimates of how many autistic adults have epilepsy. We used data from a full population of 7513 autistic adults who received Medicaid in Wisconsin to figure out the proportion of autistic adults who have epilepsy, as compared to 18,429 adults with intellectual disability. We also wanted to assess how often epilepsy is first diagnosed in adulthood. Finally, we wanted to see whether antiepileptic drugs are being used to treat epilepsy in autistic adults. We found that 34.6% of autistic adults with intellectual disability and 11.1% of autistic adults without intellectual disability had epilepsy, compared to 27.0% of adults with intellectual disability alone. Autistic women and autistic adults with intellectual disability were more likely than autistic men and autistic adults without intellectual disability to have both previous and new diagnoses of epilepsy. Finally, we found that antiepileptic medicationual disability and 11.1% of autistic adults without intellectual disability had epilepsy, compared to 27.0% of adults with intellectual disability alone. Autistic women and autistic adults with intellectual disability were more likely than autistic men and autistic adults without intellectual disability to have both previous and new diagnoses of epilepsy. Finally, we found that antiepileptic medications are commonly prescribed to autistic people who do not have epilepsy potentially to treat mental health conditions or behavior problems, and that antiepileptic medications are not always prescribed to autistic people with epilepsy even though they are indicated as a first-line epilepsy treatment. The findings of this study highlight the need to effectively treat and prevent epilepsy in autistic adults.Purpose Persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate abnormal prosodic patterns in conversational speech, which can negatively affect social interactions. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify interventions measuring the improvement of expressive speech prosody in persons with ASD in order to support clinician’s evidence-based decision making. NST-628 cell line Method We used 13 electronic databases to search for relevant articles using terms related to autism, intervention, and speech prosody. The databases identified a total of nine articles for the title, abstract, and full-text reviews. Five more articles were included after performing descendant and reference searches. One peer-reviewed article was excluded due to insufficient data received from the authors. We coded the resulting 13 articles for report, setting, intervention, outcome, and results characteristics and methodological quality. Results Results showed that interventions specifically targeting speech prosody using established and emerging evidence-based practices across more than 1 treatment day resulted in moderate to large improvements in speech prosody in persons with ASD. Interventions that indirectly targeted prosody or were very short resulted in small or nonsignificant effects. Discussion The results of this literature review suggest that interventions that directly target speech prosody using established evidence-based practices for ASD may be most effective for increasing typical prosodic patterns during speech for persons with ASD. Further research is needed to establish which interventions are most effective for each age range and context. Supplemental Material https//doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735926.