05). The Low-Moderate Resilience group had consistently worse HRQOL scores compared to the Moderate and Moderate-High Resilience groups (ps less then .001; d = .50-1.60), with the exception of Caregiving Ideology. Conclusion Lower resilience among caregivers of SMVs following TBI is associated with poorer caregiver HRQOL. Programs aimed at promoting and maintaining resilience in military caregivers long-term is important for their own health, the health of the SMV, and the health of their children.The development of next-generation sequencing technologies has opened-up some new possibilities to explore the contribution of genetic variants to human diseases and in particular that of rare variants. Statistical methods have been developed to test for association with rare variants that require the definition of testing units and, in these testing units, the selection of qualifying variants to include in the test. In the coding regions of the genome, testing units are usually the different genes and qualifying variants are selected based on their functional effects on the encoded proteins. Extending these tests to the non-coding regions of the genome is challenging. Testing units are difficult to define as the non-coding genome organisation is still rather unknown. Qualifying variants are difficult to select as the functional impact of non-coding variants on gene expression is hard to predict. These difficulties could explain why very few investigators so far have analysed the non-coding parts of their whole genome sequencing data. These non-coding parts yet represent the vast majority of the genome and some studies suggest that they could play a major role in disease susceptibility. In this review, we discuss recent experimental and statistical developments to gain knowledge on the non-coding genome and how this knowledge could be used to include rare non-coding variants in association tests. We describe the few studies that have considered variants from the non-coding genome in association tests and how they managed to define testing units and select qualifying variants.Objective To determine both the incidence and the prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in Eastern Slovakia and to describe its clinical course and the response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Methods We recorded data of patients with PBC, who were followed up in gastroenterology and hepatology centers in Eastern Slovakia during the period from June 30, 1999, through June 30, 2019. Results The annual incidence of PBC varied from 0.7 to 1.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants between 2014 and 2018. PBC prevalence steadily increased from initial 10.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2014 to 14.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in June 2019. DNA Damage inhibitor The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 56.3 ± 10.9 years. 95.7% of patients were females, and female/male gender ratio was 22.31. In June 2019, prevalence in the female population was 28 cases per 100,000 women. At the time of diagnosis, three-quarters of patients were symptomatic and 10% of patients had liver cirrhosis. The mean follow-up was 7.3 ± 5.2 years. Response to UDCA was observed in 72.1% of patients. Patients with higher baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, liver cirrhosis at entry or at the end of follow-up and women younger than 45 years responded worse to UDCA. One-quarter of patients had liver cirrhosis at the end of follow-up. During follow-up, 1.6% of patients underwent liver transplantation and 5.5% of patients died. Five-year and 10-year liver-related mortalities were 2.7% and 4.3%, respectively. Conclusion PBC prevalence in Eastern Slovakia is increasing, and most of the patients respond to therapy with UDCA.Purpose Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) uses multiphasic contrast-enhanced imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. The goal of this feasibility study was to establish a proof-of-principle concept towards automating the application of LI-RADS, using a deep learning algorithm trained to segment the liver and delineate HCCs on MRI automatically. Methods In this retrospective single-center study, multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRIs using T1-weighted breath-hold sequences acquired from 2010 to 2018 were used to train a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) with a U-Net architecture. The U-Net was trained (using 70% of all data), validated (15%) and tested (15%) on 174 patients with 231 lesions. Manual 3D segmentations of the liver and HCC were ground truth. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was measured between manual and DCNN methods. Postprocessing using a random forest (RF) classifier employing radiomic features and thresholding (TR) of the mean neural activation was used to reduce the average false positive rate (AFPR). Results 73 and 75% of HCCs were detected on validation and test sets, respectively, using > 0.2 DSC criterion between individual lesions and their corresponding segmentations. Validation set AFPRs were 2.81, 0.77, 0.85 for U-Net, U-Net + RF, and U-Net + TR, respectively. Combining both RF and TR with the U-Net improved the AFPR to 0.62 and 0.75 for the validation and test sets, respectively. Mean DSC between automatically detected lesions using the DCNN + RF + TR and corresponding manual segmentations was 0.64/0.68 (validation/test), and 0.91/0.91 for liver segmentations. Conclusion Our DCNN approach can segment the liver and HCCs automatically. This could enable a more workflow efficient and clinically realistic implementation of LI-RADS.Purpose To assess whether the application of a preparatory micro-enema reduces gas-induced susceptibility artefacts on diffusion-weighted MRI of the prostate. Methods 114 consecutive patients who received multiparametric 3 T MRI of the prostate at our institution were retrospectively enrolled. 63 patients self-administered a preparatory micro-enema prior to imaging, and 51 patients underwent MRI without bowel preparation. Two blinded readers independently reviewed the diffusion-weighted sequences regarding gas-induced artefacts. The presence/severity of artefacts was scored ranging from 0 (no artefact) to 3 (severe artefact). A score ≥ 2 was considered a clinically relevant artefact. Maximum rectal width at the level of the prostate was correlated with the administration of a micro-enema. Scores were compared between the scans performed with and without bowel preparation using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, taking into account potential confounding factors (age and prostate volume). Results Significantly less artefacts were found on diffusion-weighted sequences after the administration of a micro-enema shortly prior to MR imaging.