Any runoff and circulation water should be discharged to the lined landfill’s leachate collection system or suitable industrial wastewater treatment facilities.Co-pyrolysis of biomass and polyethylene(PE) wastes with different blending ratios were performed in a bench-scale fixed bed over Ni/char catalyst. The synergistic mechanism between coke depositions and gas products during co-pyrolysis was studied for better regulation of H2 production. The results showed that feedstock blending ratio played a decisive role in competitive growth of amorphous coke and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the catalyst surface. For low PE ratio (≤50 wt%) a negative synergy on H2 yield was generated. It was ascribed to more oxygenates that were more inclined than hydrocarbons to be absorbed by porous char to form amorphous coke, which encapsulated Ni active sites and internal pore channel of catalyst, thus resulting in deactivation of catalyst. For higher PE content, Ni/char catalyst produced more than triple the amounts of H2 yield (42.28 mmol/gfeedstock) as compared to low PE ratio (11.3 mmol/gfeedstock). A maximum positive synergy on syngas quality was yielded at 75% PE. Despite the high yield (37.8 wt%) of deposited coke, more hydrocarbon gas from plastic pyrolysis condensed on catalyst and promoted CNTs growth via dehydrogenation and polymerization, simultaneously generating H2. The unique hollow tubular structure and tip-growth mode of CNTs exposed more Ni active sites and endowed catalyst with lower deactivation extent. The scission of more chain hydrocarbons was subsequently enhanced to interact with oxygenated compounds. Therefore, appropriate PE ratios (>50%) can exert a positive synergy on gaseous conversion by regulating coke nature during co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics. Furthermore, coke structure rather than content seems to exert more significant effect.Co-treatment in municipal solid waste power plant has been deemed to one of the most suitable ways to handle sewage sludge. Economy of the co-treatment process is very concerned in the waste incineration plant. Thermal calculation of sewage sludge co-combustion was done. Four common sludge drying schemes was compared flue gas drying, steam drying, electric heating drying in the waste incineration plant and in situ electric heating drying in the sewage treatment plant. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. When the water content was 30-40% and the absolute-dry sludge ratio was 2-3%, the boiler efficiency was reduced by 0.56-1.12% compared with the case without mixing sludge, and the power generation decreased by 0.2568-0.3767 MW in steam drying scheme and by 0.0037-0.0094 MW in other schemes. Net present value (NPV) of flue gas drying was the highest among the four sludge drying schemes, which was more than 20 ¥ million, while the scheme of electric heating drying in the waste incineration plant had the lowest NPV, which can’t recoup the initial investment. Sensitivity coefficient of flue gas drying was smallest among different schemes, showing that the risk of this program was the smallest. Absolute-dry sludge ratio and unit subsidy for sludge treatment were sensitive factors for NPV in flue gas scheme, which had a sensitivity coefficient of 1.123-1.171 and 1.232, respectively. U0126 price Operating parameters optimization of co-combustion of sludge was done and ways to improve economic efficiency was discussed.Anaerobic digestion is a feasible and promising technique to deal with emerging waste activated sludge issues. In this work, the hydrodynamics and digestion performance of horizontal anaerobic systems equipped with double-bladed impeller and ribbon impeller were investigated. Simulation using computational fluid dynamics technique visually showcased the favorable mixing status implementing ribbon impeller. The mixing modes were considered as the major motivation for the difference of mixing efficiencies. Tracing experiment indicated that the minimum thorough mixing time with ribbon impeller was 20 min at a rotation speed of 50 rpm, whereas it was 360 min for the double-bladed impeller under similar conditions. The superior mixing performance of ribbon impeller resulted in better anaerobic digestion and energy efficiency outputs. The digester employing ribbon impeller obtained an ultimate biogas yield of 340.38 ± 15.91 mL/g VS (corresponding methane yield of 210.34 ± 7.55 mL/g VS) and produced a surplus energy of 16.23 ± 0.76 MJ/(m3·d). This study thus ascertained that ribbon impeller was proficient for high-solid anaerobic digestion and it will prominently benefit future system designs.

Viral encephalitis (VE) or bacterial meningoencephalitis (BME) in early childhood may cause brain injury and neurological sequelae, including epilepsy. Postencephalitic epilepsy (PEE) characterized by epileptic spasms (ES) is a rare but serious condition; there is an urgent need to develop new methods to evaluate the characteristics of these children and select appropriate treatments.

We conducted an observational study of 20 patients (11 males, 9 females) who experienced ES after VE or BME at the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Patients were followed up for over 12 months, and outcomes were analyzed.

The median ages at the onset of encephalitis and ES were 5.5 and 11.5 months, respectively. The median age at follow-up was 35.5 months. Sixteen (80 %) patients developed drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), including all 12 patients with VE and 4 of 8 patients with BME. Epileptiform discharges were detected on electroencephalography, including 15 patients with hypsarrhythmia and 5 without. Fifteen of the patients were treated with a 14-day intravenous infusion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) at a dose 2.5 U/kg (≤25 U); 12 showed a short-term response but 10 experienced recurrence. Three patients received vigabatrin, and none of these patients responded to treatment. Six patients started a ketogenic diet (KD); five failed to respond and the outcome was not known in one. Four patients were treated by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and all showed a partial response.

Children with PEE characterized by ES are more likely to develop DRE. The prognosis was worse for patients with VE compared to those with BME. Clarifying the efficacies of treatments involving ACTH (low-dose), KD, vigabatrin, and VNS will require further investigation.

Children with PEE characterized by ES are more likely to develop DRE. The prognosis was worse for patients with VE compared to those with BME. Clarifying the efficacies of treatments involving ACTH (low-dose), KD, vigabatrin, and VNS will require further investigation.