These data suggest that patients with margin-negative HPV+ OPSCC with a single positive lymph node less then 6 cm have comparable survival with or without adjuvant radiation. Future studies exploring outcomes for this specific group in randomized-controlled trials will be critical for further evaluating these initial observations.

This study explores the preference for daily versus on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in developing countries when both regimens are available.

From 11 December 2018 to 19 October 2019, we recruited MSM for an open-label real-world PrEP demonstration study in four major cities in China. Subjects selected their preferred PrEP (oral tenofovir/emtricitabine) regimen (daily vs. on-demand) at recruitment and underwent on-site screening before initiation of PrEP. We used logistic regression to assess preference for daily PrEP and correlates.

Of 1933 recruited MSM, the median age was 29years, 7.6% was currently married to or living with a female; the median number of male sexual partners was four and 6.1% had used post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the previous six months. HIV infection risk was subjectively determined as very high (>75%) in 7.0% of subjects, high (50% to 75%) in 13.3%, moderate (25% to 49%) in 31.5% and low or none (0% to 24%) in 48.1%. On averrs and subjective risk of HIV infection have significant impacts on PrEP preference and use. The upcoming national PrEP guideline should consider incorporating both regimens and the correlates to help implement PrEP in China.

MSM in China prefer both daily and on-demand PrEP when both regimens are provided free. Social structural factors and subjective risk of HIV infection have significant impacts on PrEP preference and use. The upcoming national PrEP guideline should consider incorporating both regimens and the correlates to help implement PrEP in China.

Ergonomic hazards account for a substantial proportion of work-related diseases and injuries among hairdressers. Awkward posture during work, repetitive movements, prolonged standing, and long working periods to carry out work activities cause mechanical load on the joints and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study investigated the musculoskeletal problems among urban hairdressers and associated risk factors.

This study investigates the prevalence of WMSDs among 768 study subjects (384 hairdressers and control subjects each) from Ahmedabad and New Delhi metropolis in India. Univariate statistical analysis was carried out along with 95% confidence interval for effect estimates.

Findings reveal that the nearly half of the hairdressers suffered from knee and foot pain (49.5%), followed by lower back pain (39.8%) and upper back pain (38.8%). The neck pain and shoulder pain were reported by more than 25% hairdressers. The odds of developing neck pain (OR=2.04; 95% CI 1.37-3.06) and shoulder pain (OR=1.85; 95% CI 1.25-2.73) were significantly higher than control. The female hairdressers were more likely to experience work-related musculoskeletal disorder (OR=2.63; 95% CI 1.18-5.86) than male counterparts. Hairdressers within the age of 18-35years had significantly higher occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders with longer duration of working hours at the workplace. Longer daily work hours (>12hours) posed significantly higher risk (OR=2.47; 95% CI 1.39-4.38) of experiencing MSD for hairdressers.

A very large proportion of hairdressers suffered with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The long daily working hours and gender of the hairdresser are associated with increased risk of developing WMSDs.

A very large proportion of hairdressers suffered with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The long daily working hours and gender of the hairdresser are associated with increased risk of developing WMSDs.

Most prescribed medicines during pregnancy are antibiotics, with unknown effects on a fetus and on the infant’s acquired microbiome. This study investigates associations between in utero antibiotic exposure and ear infection trajectories over the first decade of life, hypothesising effects on early or persistent, rather than later-developing, ear infections.

Design and participants The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children birth cohort recruited a nationally-representative sample of 5107 infants in 2004.

Mothers reported antibiotic use in pregnancy when a child was 3-21 months old (wave 1), and ongoing problems with ear infection every 2 years spanning ages 0-1 to 10-11 years (waves 1-6).

Latent class models identified ear infection trajectories, and univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression determined odds of adverse trajectories by antibiotic exposure.

A total of 4500 (88.1% of original sample) children contributed (mean baseline age 0.7 years; 51.3% boys); 10.4% of mothers reported antibiotic use in pregnancy. Four probability trajectories for ear infection emerged ‘consistently low’ (86.2%), ‘moderate to low’ (5.6%), ‘low to moderate’ (6.7%) and ‘consistently high’ (1.4%). Antibiotic use in pregnancy was associated with children following ‘consistently high’ (adjusted odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.08-3.88, P = 0.03) and ‘moderate to low’ (adjusted odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.25-2.53, P = 0.001) trajectories.

Antibiotic use in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of persistent and early childhood ear infections. This highlights the wisdom of cautious antibiotic use during pregnancy, and the need for the study of potential mechanisms underlying these associations.

Antibiotic use in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of persistent and early childhood ear infections. This highlights the wisdom of cautious antibiotic use during pregnancy, and the need for the study of potential mechanisms underlying these associations.Teletherapy services are being increasingly provided by allied health professionals to address major inequities of access. While clinical outcomes and stakeholder satisfaction are crucial for paediatric teletherapy’s continued viability, processes for increasing parent/caregiver satisfaction, and for modifying aspects of caregiver engagement to improve outcomes, are under-researched. Studies of in-person therapy have shown that engagement, satisfaction and outcomes are influenced by the development of therapeutic alliance. This study investigates influences on parents’ engagement with a teletherapy program and their therapeutic alliance with the therapist. Using a qualitative approach, data were analysed from semi-structured telephone interviews with six parents in rural New South Wales, whose children had completed paediatric teletherapy programs provided by a psychologist, speech pathologist or occupational therapist. Parents described factors that affected aspects of their engagement and alliance. Selleckchem MGD-28 Thematic analysis with constant comparison was used to determine the themes of the interviews, which were (a) initial engagement, (b) collaboration and (c) rapport.