Activity

se neuronal damage also in interventional settings.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) often initiates with an acute episode of neurological disturbance, known as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). There is an unmet need for biomarkers that differentiate patients who will convert to MS and who will remain as CIS after the first attack.

First attack serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 33 CIS patients were collected and these patients were divided as those who converted to MS (CIS-MS, n=17) and those who continued as CIS (CIS-CIS, n=16) in a 3-year follow-up period. Levels of homeobox protein Hox-B3 (HoxB3) and YKL-40 were measured by ELISA in samples of CIS-CIS, CIS-MS, relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=20).

CIS-CIS patients showed significantly reduced CSF levels of YKL-40 and increased serum/CSF levels of HoxB3 compared with CIS-MS and RRMS patients. CIS-MS and RRMS patients had comparable YKL-40 and HoxB3 level profiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the highest sensitivity for CSF HoxB3 measurements in prediction of CIS-MS conversion. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that CIS patients with lower CSF HoxB3 (<3.678ng/ml) and higher CSF YKL-40 (>654.9ng/ml) displayed a significantly shorter time to clinically definite MS.

CSF levels of HoxB3 and YKL-40 appear to predict CIS to MS conversion, especially when applied in combination. HoxB3, which is a transcription factor involved in immune cell activity, stands out as a potential candidate molecule with biomarker capacity for MS.

CSF levels of HoxB3 and YKL-40 appear to predict CIS to MS conversion, especially when applied in combination. HoxB3, which is a transcription factor involved in immune cell activity, stands out as a potential candidate molecule with biomarker capacity for MS.

In 2017, ocrelizumab became the first FDA approved disease modifying therapy (DMT) for primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Although effective, adverse infusion-related reactions (IRR), such as erythema, pruritus, hives, and throat irritation, were frequently reported.

To develop an explanatory model of factors associated with increased odds of IRR development to further enhance clinical decision-making when administering ocrelizumab in a community setting.

A retrospective chart review was performed (n=422) by extracting patient demographic factors and co-occurring conditions and symptoms from electronic medical records. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine which demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with IRR development, and variables with a p-value of <.10 were then entered into a logistic regression to create the explanatory model.

Being female (odds ratio [OR] 2.60), Hispanic/Latinx (OR 3.98), and having a history of a co-occurring tremor (OR 3.78) were risk factors for increased odds of having an IRR.

These findings may be helpful in guiding clinical practice routines and improving patient expectations regarding the likelihood of IRR development based on their individual demographics and co-occurring conditions and symptoms.

These findings may be helpful in guiding clinical practice routines and improving patient expectations regarding the likelihood of IRR development based on their individual demographics and co-occurring conditions and symptoms.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between eating frequency (EF), meal frequency, and snacking frequency (SF), and the body weight status of postmenopausal women. We tested how meal frequency and SF were related with macronutrient intake, and how different definitions of snacking affected the study results.

Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-d food diary in 302 women age 45 to 65 y. Body weight, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was computed. Women were classified as overweight-to-obese or of normal weight. Eating occasions that provided at least 50 kcal were classified as meals or snacks based on three definitions Contribution to total energy intake (EI; ≥15% as a meal, <15% as a snack), self-reported, and based on time.

When adjusted for confounders and the EIestimated energy requirement, a negative association was seen between EF, self-reported SF, and BMI. EF and self-reported SF were negatively associated with EI. Differences in the dietary composition of the snacks between the groups were seen when identified by participants themselves. Specifically, the percentage energy from total sugar and alcohol in self-reported snacks was significantly lower, but dietary fiber density was significantly higher among normal-weight compared with overweight-to-obese women.

Higher EF and self-reported SF, independently of the EIestimated energy requirement, is associated with lower BMI values and EI in postmenopausal women. Snacking may improve the dietary fiber density of the diet. Fluoxetine in vitro An objective definition of snacking needs to be used in nutritional studies.

Higher EF and self-reported SF, independently of the EIestimated energy requirement, is associated with lower BMI values and EI in postmenopausal women. Snacking may improve the dietary fiber density of the diet. An objective definition of snacking needs to be used in nutritional studies.

To explore the educational methods used in the cancer training of undergraduate students in health sciences.

Integrative review with a systematic methodology was performed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the variety of educational methods used in cancer training.

A search was performed in the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases for the period 2008-2020.

The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to assess the quality of included studies. Three reviewers extracted data and did quality appraisal.

A total of 40 articles referring to cancer training in medicine and nursing were included in the review; no articles referring to other health disciplines were found. The main educational methods used were expository methods, case studies, exercises and problems, problem-based learning, learning contracts and project-oriented learning.

This review shows the need to combine educational methods so that health sciences students acquire competency (knowledge, skill, attitude) for comprehensive cancer care.