To determine the relationship between managers’ leadership styles (ie, transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and job satisfaction as perceived by technologists in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging departments.

A random sample of 10 000 American Society of Radiologic Technologists members with MR credentials was invited to complete a survey that combined 2 previously validated instruments, the Vannsimpco Leadership Survey and the Job Satisfaction Survey. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between managers’ leadership styles and technologists’ job satisfaction.

MR managers exhibited all 3 leadership styles, and technologists in this study reported moderate job satisfaction. Data revealed that transformational and transactional leadership qualities had significant positive correlations with overall job satisfaction as perceived by MR technologists in this study with large effect sizes. A significant negative correlation existed between the laissez-faid technologists can lead to technologists with improved job performance and patient care. Future research directed at managers’ perceptions of leadership styles and job satisfaction might provide additional information.

This study generates awareness of effective leadership models that encourage higher job satisfaction and fulfillment among MR technologists. Of importance, MR departments with satisfied technologists can lead to technologists with improved job performance and patient care. Future research directed at managers’ perceptions of leadership styles and job satisfaction might provide additional information.

Coronary angiography is an invasive procedure that uses iodinated contrast to visualize the coronary arteries. Properly performing the procedure depends on adequate peripheral access. Although access most commonly is achieved through the radial or femoral arteries, which typically are unobstructed conduits to the heart, several access points might be needed.

Presented is the case of a failed cardiac catheterization caused by bilateral subclavian and bilateral ileofemoral occlusions in which all access points were exhausted.

This case represents a rare clinical scenario infrequently reported in the literature that highlights the important role of multimodality imaging in caring for patients with complex medical issues.

This case represents a rare clinical scenario infrequently reported in the literature that highlights the important role of multimodality imaging in caring for patients with complex medical issues.The genomic sequences of crops continue to be produced at a frenetic pace. It remains challenging to develop complete annotations of functional genes and regulatory elements in these genomes. Chromatin accessibility assays enable discovery of functional elements; however, to uncover the full portfolio of cis-elements would require profiling of many combinations of cell types, tissues, developmental stages, and environments. Here, we explore the potential to use DNA methylation profiles to develop more complete annotations. Using leaf tissue in maize, we define ∼100,000 unmethylated regions (UMRs) that account for 5.8% of the genome; 33,375 UMRs are found greater than 2 kb from genes. UMRs are highly stable in multiple vegetative tissues, and they capture the vast majority of accessible chromatin regions from leaf tissue. However, many UMRs are not accessible in leaf, and these represent regions with potential to become accessible in specific cell types or developmental stages. These UMRs often occur near genes that are expressed in other tissues and are enriched for binding sites of transcription factors. The leaf-inaccessible UMRs exhibit unique chromatin modification patterns and are enriched for chromatin interactions with nearby genes. Selleck 5-Fluorouracil The total UMR space in four additional monocots ranges from 80 to 120 megabases, which is remarkably similar considering the range in genome size of 271 megabases to 4.8 gigabases. In summary, based on the profile from a single tissue, DNA methylation signatures provide powerful filters to distill large genomes down to the small fraction of putative functional genes and regulatory elements.Establishment of functional synaptic connections in a selective manner is essential for nervous system operation. In mammalian retinas, rod and cone photoreceptors form selective synaptic connections with different classes of bipolar cells (BCs) to propagate light signals. While there has been progress in elucidating rod wiring, molecular mechanisms used by cones to establish functional synapses with BCs have remained unknown. Using an unbiased proteomic strategy in cone-dominant species, we identified the cell-adhesion molecule ELFN2 to be pivotal for the functional wiring of cones with the ON type of BC. It is selectively expressed in cones and transsynaptically recruits the key neurotransmitter receptor mGluR6 in ON-BCs to enable synaptic transmission. Remarkably, ELFN2 in cone terminals functions in synergy with a related adhesion molecule, ELFN1, and their concerted interplay during development specifies selective wiring and transmission of cone signals. These findings identify a synaptic connectivity mechanism of cones and illustrate how interplay between adhesion molecules and postsynaptic transmitter receptors orchestrates functional synaptic specification in a neural circuit.Although plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been shown to play a critical role in generating viral immunity and promoting tolerance to suppress antitumor immunity, whether and how pDCs cross-prime CD8 T cells in vivo remain controversial. Using a pDC-targeted vaccine model to deliver antigens specifically to pDCs, we have demonstrated that pDC-targeted vaccination led to strong cross-priming and durable CD8 T cell immunity. Surprisingly, cross-presenting pDCs required conventional DCs (cDCs) to achieve cross-priming in vivo by transferring antigens to cDCs. Taking advantage of an in vitro system where only pDCs had access to antigens, we further demonstrated that cross-presenting pDCs were unable to efficiently prime CD8 T cells by themselves, but conferred antigen-naive cDCs the capability of cross-priming CD8 T cells by transferring antigens to cDCs. Although both cDC1s and cDC2s exhibited similar efficiency in acquiring antigens from pDCs, cDC1s but not cDC2s were required for cross-priming upon pDC-targeted vaccination, suggesting that cDC1s played a critical role in pDC-mediated cross-priming independent of their function in antigen presentation.