Infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users is uncommon in left-sided native valves. Adding to the rarity, in this case, is endocarditis from Candida species complicated by ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Embolic myocardial infarction has worse outcomes as compared to other etiologies, and the management of septic embolic myocardial infarction is rather challenging. The management of embolic myocardial infarction from Candida endocarditis vegetation includes antifungal therapy. The use of anti-thrombotic therapy and anticoagulation carries a significant risk of fatal neurologic complications and has been controversial, with limited observational data available. Among percutaneous coronary interventions, balloon angioplasty and stenting have been associated with multiple complications while aspiration embolectomy appears to be a safer option. Surgical management is considered if medical and interventional therapies fail or if there is an indication for valve replacement.Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is caused by a proliferation of the synovial membrane and can be a rare cause of pain and locking of the knee. In its localized form, it can be removed arthroscopically. We describe in detail a step-by-step arthroscopic technique applied to treat a 27-year-old patient who had been suffering from pain and episodes of locking for a year and whose left knee MRI revealed an intra-articular mass. The formation was completely enucleated arthroscopically and histological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of localized PVNS. There were no complications, and the patient was symptom-free at the six-month follow-up with no clinical or radiological evidence of recurrence.T helper 2 (Th2) and T helper 1 (Th1) mediated immune processes lie on a spectrum. Autoeczematization secondary to chronic stasis dermatitis may fall on the Th2 side of the spectrum due to skin stretch and chronic barrier dysfunction, supporting a primary Th2 response to self-antigen. In our patient, we posited that dupilumab would benefit autoeczematization secondary to chronic stasis dermatitis given its efficacy in atopic dermatitis, a Th2-mediated immune process. We report a case of clinical psoriasiform dermatitis, suggesting a shift toward a Th1-mediated immune process developing during dupilumab treatment for autoeczematization secondary to chronic stasis dermatitis.Background/objectives Gunshot injuries are known to cause severe morbidity and mortality when facial regions are involved. Management of the gunshot wounds of the face comprises of securing an airway, controlling hemorrhage, identifying other injuries and definite repair of the traumatic facial deformities. The objective of the present study was to compare the clinical outcome (infection and nonunion) of open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and maxillo-mandibular fixation (CR-MMF) in the treatment of gunshot injuries of the mandible. Materials & methods This study was conducted at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University/Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan. Ninety gunshot mandibular fractures were randomly allocated in two equal groups. In group-A, 45 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation while in group-B, 45 patients were also managed by closed reduction and maxillo-mandibular fixation. Post-operative complications (infection, non-union) were evaluated clinically and radiographically in both groups. Results Patients treated by open reduction and internal fixation were having more complications in terms of infection (17.8%) as compared to closed reduction (4.4%) with a p-value 0.044. Whereas non-union was more in closed reduction (15.6%) as compared to open reduction and internal fixation group (2.2%) with a significant p-value 0.026. Conclusion Both the treatment modalities can be used in the management of gunshot injuries of mandible and there is need for further studies to have clear guideline in this regard in best interest of patients, community and health care providers.Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is a rare zoonotic organism that is found in the feces of grazing animals and in farm soil. It typically causes pulmonary disease, but it can also cause extrapulmonary disease. Immunocompromised patients are at a higher risk of developing the infection, but it has been reported in individuals with competent immune system as well. We present a unique case of infectious endocarditis (IE) due to a R. equi infection in an immunocompetent patient. A 77-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease, prior myocardial infarction, systolic heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, aortic stenosis, and benign prostatic hypertrophy was evaluated by cardiothoracic surgery for coronary and valvular heart disease. His transesophageal echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization demonstrated severe aortic stenosis and multivessel coronary artery disease. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and simultaneous aortic valve replacement. Intraoperatively, there was exudative material covering his aortic valve, which was sent for tissue culture. Tissue culture was positive for R. HOpic equi and Enterococcus faecium. R. equi endocarditis is a rare presentation of this organism. R. equi endocarditis is a very challenging diagnosis due to its varying presentation compared to typical IE. Detailed history taking and physical exam are extremely important to determine if further evaluation is needed. Prolonged oral and intravenous antibiotics are recommended for effective treatment.Systemic fluorouracil agents include not only 5-fluorouracil (5FU), but also capecitabine, tegafur, and uracil/tegafur (UFT). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) are subtypes of lupus erythematosus; drug-induced lupus erythematosus can also present in each of these subtypes. This report describes the case of a 65-year-old woman with systemic 5FU-induced DLE. Fluorouracil agent-induced DLE lesions occurring after initiating treatment with either systemic 5FU or its prodrugs have been described in 19 individuals (Including the woman in this report) in the literature tegafur (10 patients), UFT (six patients), systemic 5FU (two patients), and capecitabine (one patient). The mean duration before the appearance of the DLE lesions on sun-exposed areas was 232 days after beginning the fluorouracil agent; however, the much earlier (three weeks) appearance of the DLE lesions after starting systemic 5FU in the women described in this report may have occurred since there was no delay associated with the conversion of a precursor drug to 5FU.