Therefore, there is the necessity of carbohydrate level control in the bloodstream to not compromise the interaction and distribution of exogenous and endogenous compounds by HSA.Salmonella genus has foodborne pathogen species commonly involved in many outbreaks related to the consumption of chicken meat. Many studies have aimed to model bacterial inactivation as a function of the temperature. Due to the large heterogeneity of the results, a unified description of Salmonella spp. inactivation behavior is hard to establish. In the current study, by evaluating the root mean square errors, mean absolute deviation, and Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, the double Weibull model was considered the most accurate primary model to fit 61 datasets of Salmonella inactivation in chicken meat. Results can be interpreted as if the bacterial population is divided into two subpopulations consisting of one more resistant (2.3% of the total population) and one more sensitive to thermal stress (97.7% of the total population). The thermal sensitivity of the bacteria depends on the fat content of the chicken meat. From an adapted version of the Bigelow secondary model including both temperature and fat content, 90% of the Salmonella population can be inactivated after heating at 60 °C of chicken breast, thigh muscles, wings, and skin during approximately 2.5, 5.0, 9.5, and 57.4 min, respectively. The resulting model was applied to four different non-isothermal temperature profiles regarding Salmonella growth in chicken meat. Model performance for the non-isothermal profiles was evaluated by the acceptable prediction zone concept. Results showed that >80% of the predictions fell in the acceptable prediction zone when the temperature changes smoothly at temperature rates lower than 20 °C/min. Results obtained can be used in risk assessment models regarding contamination with Salmonella spp. in chicken parts with different fat contents.The role of the human-made structures in coastal ecosystems can determine the spatial distribution or patterns of spatial abundances of marine organisms. To contribute to the understanding of linkages between different components of habitats (i.e. natural and artificial structures), we explored the role of type of larval development (planktotrophic vs. non-planktotrophic) on patterns of spatial variation of gastropods on rocky shores, elucidating the possible responsibility of habitat fragmentation on their distribution. Obtained results suggest that habitat fragmentation affects differently the patterns of variability of species with different types of larval development. Namely, fragmentation caused by artificial structures mostly influence variability of species with non-planktotrophic development. Moreover, although abundance of the species with non-planktotrophic development varied at small spatial scales, suggesting that processes operating at this scale are likely the main drivers of their distribution, changes in species variability were not associated with differences in species abundance among habitats.The quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method was enhanced to solve the population balance model (PBM) including aggregation and fragmentation processes for simulating the temporal evolutions of characteristic sizes and floc size distributions (FSDs) of cohesive sediments. Ideal cases with analytical solutions were firstly adopted to validate this QMC model to illustrate selected pure aggregation, pure fragmentation, and combined aggregation and fragmentation systems. Two available laboratory data sets, one with suspended kaolinite and the other with a mixture of kaolinite and montmorillonite, were further used to monitor the FSDs of cohesive sediments in controlled shear conditions. The model results show reasonable agreements with both analytical solutions and laboratory experiments. Moreover, different QMC schemes were tested and compared with the standard Monte Carlo scheme and a Latin Hypercube Sampling scheme to optimize the model performance. It shows that all QMC schemes perform better in both accuracy and time consumption than standard Monte Carlo scheme. In particular, compared with other schemes, the QMC scheme using Halton sequence requires the least particle numbers in the simulated system to reach reasonable accuracy. In the sensitivity tests, we also show that the fractal dimension and the fragmentation distribution function have large impacts on the predicted FSDs. This study indicates a great advance in employing QMC schemes to solve PBM for simulating the flocculation of cohesive sediments.Anaerobic digestion is a commonly used process for the reduction and stabilization of wasted activated sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants. However, anaerobically-digested (AD) sludge is still a problematic waste stream due to its large volume and often poor quality. In this study, two aerobic digesters were set up to treat anaerobically-digested sludge, with one digester operated in self-generated acidic condition as the experimental reactor, and one at neutral pH as the control reactor. read more The acidic condition in the experimental reactor was driven by an inoculated special ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, ‘Candidatus Nitrosoglobus’, which can tolerate low pH. As a result of ammonium oxidation by Ca. Nitrosoglobus, the pH decreased to 4.8 ± 0.2 and nitrite accumulated to and stayed at 200.0 ± 17.2 mg N L-1, from which free nitrous acid (FNA) at 8.5 ± 1.8 mg HNO2N L-1 formed in-situ. As a combined effect of low pH and high concentration of FNA, the experimental reactor reduced the total solids (TS), volaave the sludge disposal costs in wastewater treatment.In this study, we designed an integrated electrochemical filtration system for catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and degradation of aqueous microcontaminants. Composites of carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanoscale zero valence copper (nZVC) were developed to serve as high-performance catalysts, electrode and filtration media simultaneously. We observed both radical and nonradical reaction pathways, which collectively contributed to the degradation of model pollutants. Congo red was completely removed via a single-pass through the nZVCCNT filter (τ less then 2 s) at neutral pH. The rapid kinetics of Congo red degradation were maintained across a wide pH range (from 3.0-7.0), in complicated matrixes (e.g., tap water and lake water), and for the degradation of a wide array of persistent organic contaminants. The superior activity of nZVCCNT stems from the boosted redox cycles of Cu2+/Cu+ in the presence of an external electric field. The flow-through design remarkably outperformed the conventional batch system due to the convection-enhanced mass transport.