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ceptable alternative in a variety of biomedical applicatio.Device miniaturization and low-energy dissipation are two urgent needs in future spintronics devices. The narrowest zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs), which are composed only by two coupled carbon-atom chains connected with carbon tetragons, are promising candidates to meet well the above both requirements. Using the first-principles calculations combined with nonequilibrium Green’s function approach, thermal spin-dependent transport through this kind of the narrowest ZGNRs is investigated and uncovers several exotic thermal spin-resolved transport properties (i) when an external magnetic field is applied, the ZGNRs are transited from intrinsic semiconducting to metallic state and thermal colossal magnetoresistance effect (TCMR) occurs with the order of magnitudes up to 104at room temperature; (ii) the thermal spin-dependent currents display a thermal negative differential resistance effect (NDRE), and a well-defined spin-Seebeck effect (SSE) together with a pure thermal spin current occurs and (iii), under suitable device temperature settings, a nearly perfect spin-filtering effect (SFE) occurs in these narrowest ZGNRs. Theoretical results not only uncover the narrowest nanoribbon structures to realize the SSE and other inspiring thermal spin transport features, but also push carbon-based material candidates towards thermoelectric conversion device applications.My task is to consider whether haematopoietic cell transplants would be considered appropriate today in persons with features like victims of high-dose and dose-rate ionizing radiations after the Chernobyl nuclear power facility accident in 1986 given knowledge and experience gained over the past 35 years. First I consider the conceptual bases for considering an intervention appropriate and then the metric for deciding whether a transplant is appropriate in similar persons. Data needed to support this decision-making process include estimates of dose, dose-rate, dose uniformity, synchronous or metachronous injuries, donor availability and alternative interventions. Many of these co-variates have substantial uncertainties. Fundamental is a consideration of potential benefit-to-risk and risk-to-benefit ratios under conditions of substantial inaccuracy and imprecision. The bottom line is probably fewer transplants would be done and more victims would receive molecularly-cloned haematopoietic growth factors.It was found that, although isovalent, Rh substituted for Ir in Sr2IrO4may trap one electron inducing effective hole doping of Ir sites. Transport and thermoelectric measurements on Sr2Ir1-xRh x O4single crystals presented here reveal the existence of an electron-like contribution to transport, in addition to the hole-doped one. As no electron band shows up in ARPES measurements, this points to the possibility that this hidden electron may delocalize in disordered clusters.Low-temperature preparation process is significant important for scalable and flexible device. However, the serious interface defects between normally used TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) obtained via low-temperature method and perovskite suppress the further improvement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we develop a facile low-temperature chemical bath method to prepare TiO2 ETL with Tantalum (Ta) and Niobium (Nb) co-doping. Systematic investigations indicate that Ta/Nb co-doping could increase the conduction band level of TiO2 and decrease trap state density, boosting electrons injection efficiency and reducing charge recombination between perovskite/ETL interface. The champion power conversion efficiency of 19.44% can be achieved by a planar PSC with Ta/Nb co-doped TiO2 ETL, which is much higher than that (17.60%) of pristine one. Our achievements in this work provide new insights on low-temperature fabrication of low-cost and high-efficient PSCs.While calculations and measurements of single-particle spectral properties often offer the most direct route to study correlated electron systems, the underlying physics may remain quite elusive, if information at higher particle levels is not explicitly included. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the different approaches which have been recently developed and applied to identify the dominant two-particle scattering processes controlling the shape of the one-particle spectral functions and, in some cases, of the physical response of the system. In particular, we will discuss the underlying general idea, the common threads and the specific peculiarities of all the proposed approaches. While all of them rely on a selective analysis of the Schwinger-Dyson (or the Bethe-Salpeter) equation, the methodological differences originate from the specific two-particle vertex functions to be computed and decomposed. Finally, we illustrate the potential strength of these methodologies by means of their applications the two-dimensional Hubbard model, and we provide an outlook over the future perspective and developments of this route for understanding the physics of correlated electrons.The adsorption of atomic hydrogen on monolayer MoS2has been intensively studied, but the ground-state adsorption configuration remains controversial. In this study, we investigate the adsorption properties of atomic hydrogen on monolayer MoS2systematically using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We considered all the previously proposed adsorption sites, S-top, bridge, and hollow sites. Among them, S-top is the most energetically preferred, with a tilted S-H bond. Its calculated adsorption energy is -0.72 eV. The next lowest-energy configuration is that the H atom is located at the hollow site; the adsorption energy is slightly higher than the former, by 0.22 eV. The tilting of the S-H bond contributes to the adsorption energy up to -0.29 eV, a factor unrecognized in previous first-principles studies. These results account for the discrepancy in theory. selleck chemicals Besides, the effects of spin-polarization also change the relative energetics of possible adsorption configurations.One of the biggest issues of the mechanical cylindrical joints is related to premature wear appearing. Application of bioinspiration principles in an engineering context taking advantage of smart solutions offered by nature in terms of kinematic joints could be a way of solving those problems. This work is focussed on joints of one degrees of freedom in rotation (revolute or ginglymus joints in biological terms), as this is one of the most common type of mechanical joints. This type of joints can be found in the elbow of some quadrupedal mammals. The articular morphology of the elbow of these animals differs in the presence/absence of a trochlear sulcus. In this study, bio-inspired mechanical joints based on these morphologies (with/without trochlear sulcus) were designed and numerically tested. Their load bearing performance was numerically analysed. This was done through contact simulations using the finite element method under different external loading conditions (axial load, radial load and turnover moment).